letters of recommendation

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(n.) = testimonial, letter of recommendation, letter of reference, reference letter

Ex. 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.

Ex. Researchers planning to work in UK libraries and archives, whether they are professors, freelance writers, or genealogists, will need to consider practical matters such as photocopying policies and letters of recommendation.

Ex. She had just received a letter from a former student who wanted a letter of reference.

Ex. Around this time of year, professors are up to their eyeballs in work and. are likely handling lots of requests for reference letters.

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letter of recommendation

ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἐπιστέλλω) letter, epistle (so Eur., Thu.+; loanw. in rabb.) 2 Cor 7:8; 2 Th 3:17; 1 Cl 47:1; 63:2; IEph 12:2; ISm 11:3; Pol 13:2b. διʼ ἐπιστολῆς (Diod S 19, 48, 1; Polyaenus 7, 39; 53rd letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 358, 9]; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 5, 10; BGU 884, 6; 1046 II, 5) by a letter 2 Th 2:2 (Vi. Aesopi W 104 P. ἐ. ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Αἰσώπου; Polyaenus 8, 50 of two dead persons ὡς ἔτι ζώντων ἐπιστολή), vs. 15, cp. 3:14. γράφειν ἐπιστολήν (Diod S 17, 39, 2; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 207) Ac 15:23 D; 23:25 (on the specific type of administrative communication s. Taubenschlag, OpMin II 722, w. ref. to PTebt 45, 27); Ro 16:22; ἐν τῇ ἐ. 1 Cor 5:9 (ἐν τῇ ἐ.=‘in the letter known to you’ [s. ὁ 2a] as ChronLind B 14 ἐν τᾷ ἐπιστολᾷ; Hyperid. 3, 25 ἐν τ. ἐπιστολαῖς; Pla., Ep. 7, 345c ἡ ἐ.=the letter [known to you]). ταύτην δευτέραν ὑμῖν γράφω ἐ. 2 Pt 3:1 (cp. BGU 827, 20 ἰδοὺ τρίτην ἐπιστολήν σοι γράφω. PMich 209, 5 δευτέραν ἐπιστολὴν ἔπεμψά σοι). ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰωάννου προτέρας ἐ. Papias (2:17); αἱ δύο ἐπιστολαὶ αἱ μικραί Papias (11:1); άναδιδόναι τὴν ἐπιστολήν τινι deliver the letter to someone Ac 23:33. Also ἐπιδιδόναι 15:30. διαπέμπεσθαι send MPol 20:1. διακονεῖν care for 2 Cor 3:3. ἀναγινώσκειν (X., An. 1, 6, 4; 1 Macc 10:7; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 37) 3:2; Col 4:16; 1 Th 5:27. In all probability the plur. in our lit.—even Ac 9:2; Pol 3:2—always means more than one letter, not a single one (as Eur., Iph. A. 111; 314; Thu. 1, 132, 5; 4, 50, 2, also M. Iulius Brutus, Ep. 1, 1 [fr. Mithridates]; 1 Macc 10:3, 7; Jos., Ant. 10, 15; 16): διʼ ἐπιστολῶν with letters 1 Cor 16:3. τῷ λόγῳ διʼ ἐπιστολῶν ἀπόντες (do someth.) through word by means of letters, when we are absent 2 Cor 10:11 (cp. UPZ 69, 3 [152 B.C.] ἀπόντος μου … διὰ τοῦ ἐπιστολίου); vs. 9; ἐ. βαρεῖαι καὶ ἰσχυραί the letters are weighty and powerful vs. 10. ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν ὡς καὶ ἐν πάσαις ἐ. 2 Pt 3:16. ἐ. συστατικαί letters of recommendation 2 Cor 3:1 (s. on συστατικός). ἐπιστολὰς πέμπειν (Ps.-Demosth. 11, 17; Diod S 17, 23, 6 ἔπεμψεν ἐπιστολάς=letters; OGI 42, 6; 2 Macc 11:34) IPol 8:1; cp. Pol 13:2a. ἐπιστολὴ πρός τινα a letter to someone (2 Esdr 12:7; 2 Macc 11:27; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) Ac 9:2; 22:5 (letters empowering someone to arrest people and deliver them to the authorities in the capital city, as PTebt 315, 29ff [II A.D.]); 2 Cor 3:1 (πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν).—Later epistolary subscriptions to the NT letters, as well as B, 1 Cl, 2 Cl.—GBahr, Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century, CBQ 28, ’66, 465–77; JWhite, Light fr. Ancient Letters ’86, 3–20, 221–24 lit. Lit. on χαίρω 2b. B. 1286; RAC II 564–85.—DELG s.v. στέλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

genealogist.

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► nombre masulino o femenino

1 genealogist

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SMF genealogist

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= genealogist.

Ex. Researchers planning to work in UK libraries and archives, whether they are professors, freelance writers, or genealogists, will need to consider practical matters such as photocopying policies and letters of recommendation.

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genealogist

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genealogista nmf

genealogist

1) Business: letters of recommendation

2) Labor market: letters of credence

n. credentials, documents verifying a person's abilities and qualifications (i.e. references, letters of recommendation)

διακονέω (s. two next entries) impf. διηκόνουν; fut. διακονήσω; 1 aor. διηκόνησα; pf. inf. δεδιηκονηκέναι (AssMos Fgm. k, Denis p. 67); aor. pass. διηκονήθην, for augm. s. B-D-F §69, 4; W-S. §12, 6; Mlt-H. 192 (Soph., Hdt. et al.; rare in ins, pap; never in LXX, but in Philo, Joseph.) gener. to render service in a variety of ways either at someone’s behest or voluntarily and freq. with suggestion of movement.

① to function as an intermediary, act as go-between/agent, be at one’s service w. intermediary function either expressed or implied (lead tablet Sb 4947, 2 διακόνησόν μοι; in lover’s petition ‘serve as intermediary [medium] for me’ PWarr 21, 4; 8; Lucian, Cont. 1 of Hermes as messenger for Zeus; Theophr. Char. 2, 9 fetch things; Just., D. 79, 2; cp. the role of Repentance JosAs 15:7) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν δὲ διηκόνουν αὐτά they were not acting as agents in their own behalf but for yours in the things 1 Pt 1:12 (for a service consisting in the delivery of a message cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 298). For a similar contrast, and with suggestion of an intermediary’s mission: οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι came not to be served, but to serve Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (i.e. the Human One [Son of Man] came to carry out an assignment not to benefit himself but others [by giving his life in ransom]; cp. Mt 4:11; par. Mk 1:13 [service rendered by divine messengers]). Of Jesus carrying out his mission [ἀ]νῆλθε[ν δια]κονῶν AcPl BMM verso 13f.— Phlm 13 suggests that Onesimus can be used by Paul on assignment in behalf of the gospel. πορεύομαι … διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις on an errand to God’s people (REB) Ro 15:25 (s. 3).—Of delivery of an object: χάρις διακονουμένη ὑφʼ ἡμῶν gift that we are transmitting (a ref. to the collection for whose delivery they have accepted responsibility) 2 Cor 8:19; cp. vs. 20. In imagery, ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ διακονηθεῖσα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν a letter of Christ, delivered by us 2 Cor 3:3 (WBaird, Letters of Recommendation: JBL 80, ’61, 190).

② to perform obligations, without focus on intermediary function

ⓐ of unspecified services perform duties, render assistance, serve τινί someone (Demosth. 9, 43; UPZ 18, 23 [163 B.C.]; δαίμοσι δ. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 51, 38) Mt 8:15; Mk 1:31; Lk 4:39; GJs 6:3; διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ being at his service Mt 27:55; cp. Mk 15:41. διακόνει μοι serve me Hs 8, 4, 1, cp. 2; J 12:26; Ac 19:22. Also εἰς ἑαυτοὺς αὐτὸ δ. serve one another w. it 1 Pt 4:10. W. acc. of thing ὅσα διηκόνησεν what services he rendered 2 Ti 1:18; cp. Hs 2:10. Abs. (POxy 275, 10 [I A.D.]) 1 Pt 4:11. Pass. (Jos., Ant. 10, 242); ἁπλῶς δ. complete a service in simplicity of heart Hm 2:6.

ⓑ of attention at meals wait on someone (τινί) at table (Menand., Fgm. 272; Pyrgion [Hellenistic times]: 467 Fgm. 1 Jac. [a communal meal in Crete]; Diod S 4, 36, 2; 5, 28, 4; Philo, Vi. Cont. 70; TestJob 12:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 163; 166) Lk 12:37; 17:8. Abs. 10:40; J 12:2; GJs 6:3. In imagery ὡς ὁ διακονῶν waiter Lk 22:26f.

③ to meet an immediate need, help w. dat. (Iren. 1, pr. 3 [Harv. I 7, 1]) πότε οὐ διηκονήσαμέν σοι; when did we not help you? Mt 25:44 (but s. 4, Collins). ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων helped to support them w. their means Lk 8:3 (KTorjesen, When Women Were Priests ’93, 53ff); the saints Ro 15:25 (JO’Rourke, CBQ 29, ’67, 116–18; but s. 1); Hb 6:10.

④ to carry out official duties, minister, in cultic context (of holy service at the altar Jos., Ant. 3, 155; cp. PGM 36, 304 and 335 παρὰ θεοῖς δ.) of διάκονοι 1 Ti 3:10; καλῶς δ. vs. 13. ἀγνῶς καὶ σεμνῶς Hv 3, 5, 1. Opp. κακῶς Hs 9, 26, 2. Collins (s. below) p. 65 argues for placement of Mt 25:44 in this classification: those consigned to perdition plead their total dedication to the Lord’s interests.

⑤ Ac 6:2 poses a special problem: care for, take care of w. dat. of thing τραπέζαις look after tables can be understood of serving food at tables (cp. βούλομαι … διακονῆσαι τοῖς πτωχοῖς σήμερον ἐν τῇ σῇ τραπέζῃ TestJob 12:1), but it is improbable that some widows would be deprived of food at a communal meal. The term διακονία vs. 1 more probably refers to administrative responsibility (s. διακονία 5), one of whose aspects is concern for widows without specifying the kind of assistance that is allotted. Vs. 2 may contain wordplay involving the phrase τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, w. λόγος designating a ledger entry, in which case τράπεζα, which is also a banker’s term (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II), may here denote accounts (s. τράπεζα 1c).—WBrandt, Dienst u. Dienen im NT ’31; ESchweizer, D. Leben des Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten ’46; PBoulton, Διακονέω and Its Cognates in the 4 Gospels: TU 73, ’59, 415–22. JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW.

1 letter (escrito).

echar una carta to post o (British) mail a letter (United States)

carta abierta open letter (en periódico)

carta de agradecimiento letter of thanks, thank you letter

carta de amor love letter

carta bomba letter bomb

carta certificada recorded o (British) certified letter (United States)

carta de crédito (commerce) letter of credit

carta postal postcard (Am)

carta de presentación letter of introduction; (para un tercero) covering letter (con currículum) (British), cover letter (United States)

carta de recomendación reference (letter)

carta urgente express letter

2 (playing) card (naipe).

jugar a las cartas to play cards

echar las cartas a alguien to tell somebody's fortune (with cards)

3 menu.

a la carta à la carte; (menú) pay-per-view (televisión, programación)

comer a la carta to eat à la carte

carta de vinos wine list

4 map (mapa).

carta astral star chart

5 charter (document).

cartas credenciales letters of credence

carta Magna constitution (constitución)

carta de naturaleza naturalization papers

carta de trabajo work permit

carta verde green card

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► nombre femenino

1 (misiva) letter

2 (naipe) card

3 (minuta) menu

4 (documento jurídico) charter

5 (mapa) chart

\

a la carta à la carte

dar carta blanca a alguien to give somebody a free hand, give somebody carte blanche

echar una carta to post a letter, US mail a letter

echar las cartas a alguien to tell somebody's fortune

jugárselo todo a una carta figurado to put all one's eggs in one basket

no saber a qué carta quedarse figurado not to know what to do

poner las cartas sobre la mesa figurado to put one's cards on the table

tomar cartas en un asunto figurado to take part in an affair

carta abierta open letter

carta blanca carte blanche

carta certificada registered letter

carta de ajuste TELEVISIÓN test card

carta de naturaleza / carta de ciudadanía naturalization papers plural

carta de navegación navigation chart

carta de presentación / carta de recomendación letter of introduction

carta de vinos wine list

carta urgente express letter

'Cartas al director' (de un periódico) "Letters to the editor"

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1) letter

2) card

3) charter

4) map

5) menu

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1) (Correos) letter

- a carta cabal

- tomar cartas en el asunto

2) (Jur, Com) (=documento)

- adquirir o tomar carta de naturaleza

3) (=estatuto) charter

4) (Naipes) card

- ¡carta canta!

- enseñar las cartas

- poner las cartas boca arriba o sobre la mesa

- no saber a qué carta quedarse

- a cartas vistas

5) (Culin) menu

6) (=mapa) (Geog) map; (Náut) chart

7) (TV)

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1) (Corresp) letter

- carta abierta

- carta blanca

- carta bomba

- carta certificada

- carta de agradecimiento

- carta de amor

- carta de ciudadanía

- carta de nacionalización or de naturaleza

- carta de pago

- carta de presentación

- carta de recomendación

- carta urgente

- carta verde

2) ( naipe) card

- cartas del Tarot

3) ( de organización) charter; ( de país) constitution

- Carta Magna

4) ( en restaurante) menu

- carta de vinos

5) (ant) ( mapa) map

•

- carta astral

- carta de ajuste

- carta de navegación

- carta de vuelo

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= card, envelope, letter, charter.

Ex. Add to the designation, when appropriate, the number and the name(s) of the component pieces of the object; e.g., 1 game (1 board), 50 cards, 2 dice.

Ex. A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.

Ex. Thus, where the text of an article is interspersed amongst advertisements, letters and other contributions, only those pages on which parts of the article are printed are listed.

Ex. Libraries may operate under state law, county or municipal ordinances, or charters.

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* a la carta = a la carte.

* baraja de cartas = pack of playing cards, deck of playing cards, deck of cards.

* carta abierta = open letter.

* carta adjunta = covering letter.

* carta aeronáutica = aeronautical chart.

* carta autógrafa = autograph letter.

* carta blanca = free hand, carte blanche, blank cheque [blank check, -USA].

* carta bomba = letter bomb.

* carta certificada = registered letter.

* carta comercial = business letter.

* carta de adhesión = letter of support.

* carta de agradecimiento = note of thanks, thank-you letter.

* carta de amor = love letter.

* carta de apoyo = letter of support.

* carta de baraja = playing card.

* carta de barras de color = colour bar.

* carta de derechos = charter of rights.

* carta de derechos humanos = charter of human rights.

* carta de intenciones = letter of intent.

* carta de invitación = letter of invitation, invitation letter.

* Carta de la ONU, la = UN charter, the.

* carta de navegación = aeronautical chart, navigational chart.

* carta de nombramiento = letter of appointment.

* carta de pedido = order letter.

* carta de presentación = cover letter, letter of introduction, calling card.

* carta de privilegios = charter.

* carta de recomendación = testimonial, letter of recommendation, letter of reference, reference letter.

* carta de referencia = reference.

* carta de rescate = ransom note.

* carta de servicios = service offer.

* carta de vinos = wine list.

* carta interminable = epistle.

* Carta Magna, la = Magna Carta, the.

* carta marina = navigational chart.

* carta modelo = model letter.

* carta náutica = nautical chart.

* carta personal = personal letter.

* carta real = charter.

* cartas al director = letter to the editor.

* carta verde = green card.

* contestar una carta = answer + letter.

* darle a Alguien carta blanca = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.

* envío masivo de cartas = mail shot.

* escritura de cartas = letter writing.

* franquear una carta = frank + letter.

* juego de cartas = euchre.

* jugar bien + Posesivo + cartas = play + Posesivo + cards right.

* jugárselo todo a una sola carta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.

* libro de registro de entrada y salida de cartas = letterbook [letter book].

* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.

* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* redacción de cartas = letter writing.

* registro de salida de cartas = outward letterbook.

* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.

* tomar carta en = get + stuck into.

* * *

1) (Corresp) letter

- carta abierta

- carta blanca

- carta bomba

- carta certificada

- carta de agradecimiento

- carta de amor

- carta de ciudadanía

- carta de nacionalización or de naturaleza

- carta de pago

- carta de presentación

- carta de recomendación

- carta urgente

- carta verde

2) ( naipe) card

- cartas del Tarot

3) ( de organización) charter; ( de país) constitution

- Carta Magna

4) ( en restaurante) menu

- carta de vinos

5) (ant) ( mapa) map

•

- carta astral

- carta de ajuste

- carta de navegación

- carta de vuelo

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A ( Corresp) letter

¿hay carta para mí? are there any letters for me?, is there any mail for me?

carta de despido/renuncia letter of dismissal/resignation

carta de solicitud letter of application

open letter

carte blanche

le dieron carta blanca she was given carte blanche o a free hand

letter bomb

registered letter

circular

( frml) letter of recommendation, reference

thank-you letter

love letter

reference, letter of recommendation

naturalization papers (pl)

tradiciones que ya han adquirido carta de ciudadanía en nuestro país traditions which have been adopted o which are now totally accepted in our country

letter of credit

letter of intent

letter of introduction

naturalization papers (pl)

receipt, official receipt

letter of condolence

bill of lading, manifest

letter of introduction

reference, letter of recommendation

pastoral

fpl credentials (pl)

special-delivery letter

green card

B (naipe) card

baraja de cartas deck o ( BrE) pack of cards

jugar a las cartas to play cards

barajar/dar las cartas to shuffle/deal the cards

a carta cabal: es honrado a carta cabal he's completely and utterly honest

es un caballero a carta cabal he's a perfect o real gentleman

echarle las cartas a algn to tell sb's fortune

fue a que le echaran las cartas he went to have his fortune told

jugar bien las cartas to play one's cards right

jugarse la última carta to play one's last card

todavía no me he jugado la última carta I still have one card up my sleeve o left to play

jugárselo todo a una carta to risk everything on one throw

no saber a qué carta quedarse: no sé a qué carta quedarme I don't know what to think, I don't know which story ( o version etc) to believe

poner las cartas boca arriba or sobre la mesa to put o lay one's cards on the table

tomar cartas en algo to intervene in sth

voy a tener que tomar cartas en el asunto I'm going to have to step in o intervene

fpl Tarot cards (pl)

fpl Spanish playing cards (pl) (suits: bastos, espadas, copas, oros)

fpl French playing cards (pl) (suits: spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds)

C (de una organización) charter; (de un país) constitution

( frml); Constitution

human rights charter, charter of human rights

UN Charter

United Nations Charter

(UE) Charter of Fundamental Rights

( Hist) Magna Carta; (constitución) ( frml) constitution

(UE) social chapter o charter

D (en un restaurante) menu

comer a la carta to eat à la carte

wine list

E ( ant) (mapa) map

astral chart

test card

color* chart

flowchart

astral chart

chart

chart

chart

flight plan

chart

weather chart

* * *

◊ ¿hay carta para mí? are there any letters for me?;

◊ jugar a las cartas to play cards;

◊ comer a la carta to eat à la carte;

* * *

carta nf

1. [escrito] letter;

echar una carta to Br post o US mail a letter

carta de agradecimiento letter of thanks, thank you letter;

carta de amor love letter;

carta blanca carte blanche;

dar carta blanca a alguien to give sb carte blanche o a free hand;

tiene carta blanca para conceder un crédito she is solely responsible for deciding whether or not to give somebody a loan;

carta bomba letter bomb;

carta certificada Br recorded o US certified letter;

carta pastoral pastoral letter;

carta de pésame letter of condolence;

carta de presentación [para un tercero] letter of introduction;

carta de recomendación reference (letter);

carta urgente express letter

2. [naipe] (playing) card;

baraja de cartas pack o deck of cards;

jugar a las cartas to play cards;

echar las cartas a alguien to tell sb's fortune [with cards];

voy a ir a que me echen las cartas I'm going to have my fortune told;

carta sobre la mesa, pesa once you've played a card, you can't change your mind;

enseñar las cartas to show one's hand;

jugar a cartas vistas [con honradez] to act openly;

jugar bien sus cartas to play one's cards right;

jugarse la última carta to play one's last card;

jugarse todo a una carta to put all one's eggs in one basket;

no saber a qué carta quedarse to be unsure;

poner las cartas boca arriba o [m5] sobre la mesa to put one's cards on the table

3. [menú] menu;

a la carta [menú] à la carte;

comer a la carta to eat à la carte;

no tienen menú del día y hay que comer a la carta they don't have a set menu, you have to choose from the à la carte menu;

un servicio a la carta a tailor-made service

4. [mapa] map;

carta de marear sea chart;

carta marina sea chart;

carta meteorológica weather map

5. [documento] charter

cartas credenciales letters of credence;

carta fundacional founding charter;

carta general form letter;

carta de hidalguía letters patent of nobility;

dar la carta de libertad a alguien to give sb a free transfer;

Carta Magna [constitución] constitution;

carta de naturaleza naturalization papers;

la Carta Social the Social Charter;

carta de trabajo work permit;

carta verde green card [for international car insurance]

6. TV carta de ajuste Br test card, US test pattern

7. Comp

a carta cabal through and through;

es un hombre íntegro a carta cabal he's honest through and through;

adquirir o [m5] tomar carta de naturaleza [costumbre, práctica] to become widely accepted;

tomar cartas en un asunto to intervene in a matter

* * *

1 letter

2 GASTR menu;

a la carta à la carte

3 ( naipe) playing card;

jugar a las cartas play cards;

jugar a cartas vistas play straight;

jugarse todo a una carta risk everything on one throw;

tomar cartas en el asunto intervene in the matter;

poner las cartas boca arriba fig put one’s cards on the table;

honrado a carta cabal utterly honest;

no saber a qué carta quedarse not know what to do;

echar las cartas a alguien tell s.o.’s fortune

4 ( mapa) chart

* * *

carta nf

1) : letter

2) naipe: playing card

3) : charter, constitution

4) menú: menu

5) : map, chart

tomar cartas en : to intervene in

* * *

carta n

1. (escrito) letter

2. (naipe) card / playing card

3. (lista de comidas) menu

lettre [lεtʀ]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = caractère) letter

• écrivez la somme en (toutes) lettres write out the sum in full

• c'est en toutes lettres dans les journaux it's there in black and white in the newspapers

   b. ( = missive) letter

• prendre qch au pied de la lettre to take sth literally

• rester lettre morte to go unheeded

• Anne Lemoine, féministe avant la lettre Anne Lemoine, a feminist before the term existed

2. plural feminine noun

lettres

   a. ( = littérature) les (belles) lettres literature

   b. (à l'université, au collège) arts subjects ; ( = français) French

• professeur de lettres French teacher

• lettres classiques classics sg

• lettres modernes ( = discipline) French

3. compounds

► lettre d'amour love letter

► lettre de change bill of exchange

► lettres de noblesse

• donner ses lettres de noblesse à to lend credibility to ► lettre ouverte open letter

► lettre de rappel reminder

► lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

► lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship

* * *

1) ( signe graphique) letter

2) ( écrit adressé) letter

3) ( contenu d'un texte) letter

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1) Université, École ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US

2) ( culture littéraire) letters

•

- lettre ouverte

- lettre recommandée

- lettres classiques

- lettres modernes

••

* * *

1. nf

1) [alphabet] letter

2) (= courrier) letter

3) (autres locutions)

2. lettres nfpl

1) (culture)

2) (= littérature) literature sg

3) ÉDUCATION arts subjects

* * *

lettre

A nf

1 ( signe graphique) letter; les lettres de l'alphabet the letters of the alphabet; lettre minuscule small letter; lettre majuscule or capitale capital letter; lettre d'imprimerie block letter; en lettres majuscules in capital letters; un mot de trois lettres a three-letter word; en toutes lettres lit in full; écrire la date/somme en toutes lettres write the date/sum out in full; c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport fig it's down in black and white in the report; c'est écrit en grosses lettres it's written in big letters; les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre the Romans were city planners before they were invented; ⇒ cinq;

2 ( écrit adressé) letter; une lettre de félicitations/remerciements/condoléances a letter of congratulations /thanks/condolence; lettre d'accompagnement covering letter; lettre de réclamation letter of complaint; lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship; une lettre de recommandation/candidature/démission a letter of recommendation/application/resignation; lettre anonyme/de menaces anonymous/threatening letter; une petite lettre a note;

3 ( contenu d'un texte) letter; l'esprit et la lettre d'un texte the spirit and the letter of a text; à la lettre, au pied de la lettre [appliquer, suivre] to the letter; il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit he takes everything you say literally.

B lettres nfpl

1 Univ, Scol ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US; étudiant en lettres ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student; faculté de lettres arts faculty GB, school of the humanities; être en lettres, faire des études de lettres to do an arts degree, to study humanities US; professeur de lettres teacher of French (for native speakers); docteur ès lettres ≈ Doctor of Philosophy;

2 ( culture littéraire) letters; homme/femme de lettres man/woman of letters; les gens de lettres writers; avoir des lettres to be well read; le monde des lettres the literary world.

lettre de cachet lettre de cachet; lettre de cadrage Pol scoping document (outlining issues for inclusion in the next budget); lettre capitulaire Édition decorated initial; lettre de change bill of exchange; lettre de château thank you letter, bread and butter letter; lettre circulaire circular; lettre de crédit letter of credit; lettre d'intention letter of intention; lettre ornée illuminated letter; lettre ouverte open letter (à to); lettre recommandée registered letter; lettre de voiture Comm waybill, consignment note; lettres classiques French and Latin; lettres de créance credentials; lettres modernes French language and literature; lettres de noblesse letters patent of nobility; avoir ses lettres de noblesse fig to have an illustrious history; gagner ses lettres de noblesse fig to win one's spurs; lettres patentes letters patent; lettres supérieures preparatory class for entrance exam for the École Normale Supérieure.

passer comme une lettre à la poste○ [décision, réforme] to go through smoothly ou without a hitch; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions; un événement à graver en lettres d'or an event to remember; écrit en lettres de feu written in letters of fire; devenir lettre morte to become a dead letter; rester lettre morte to go unheeded.

[lɛtr] nom féminin

A.[CARACTÈRE]

1. [d'un alphabet] letter

2. IMPRIMERIE [forme en plomb] character, letter

B.[ÉCRIT]

1. [correspondance] letter

a. [avec accusé de réception] recorded delivery letter (UK), letter sent by certified mail (US)

b. [avec valeur déclarée] registered letter

a. (familier) [boisson, aliment] to go down a treat

b. [demande, mesure] to go off without a hitch, to go off smoothly

7. LITTÉRATURE [titre]

C.[SENS STRICT] letter

rester lettre morte to go unheeded, to be disregarded

————————

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1. ÉDUCATION

2. LITTÉRATURE

un homme/une femme de lettres a man/a woman of letters

————————

à la lettre locution adverbiale,

au pied de la lettre locution adverbiale

ne prends pas ce qu'il dit au pied de la lettre don't take what he says at face value

————————

avant la lettre locution adverbiale

en toutes lettres locution adverbiale

1. [entièrement] in full

2. [très clairement] clearly, plainly

[ˈletə]

accompanying letter сопроводительное письмо airmail letter письмо, отправленное авиапочтой allotment letter уведомление подписчика о числе выделенных ему ценных бумаг и необходимости их оплатить answering letter ответное письмо audit letter уведомление о ревизии back letter гарантийное письмо bank letter банковский документ block letter вчт. печатная буква block letter прописная печатная буква business letter деловое письмо call letter требование очередного взноса chain letter письмо (обыкн. религиозно-мистического содержания), рассылаемое по нескольким адресам с тем, чтобы получатель разослал его по другим адресам code letter вчт. кодовый знак collection letter инкассовое поручение comfort letter письмо с выражением поддержки commitment letter письменное обязательство confirmed letter of credit подтвержденный аккредетив cottage letter арендодатель коттеджа cover letter сопроводительное письмо dog's letter старинное название буквы R drive letter вчт. имя диска drop letter вчт. буквица dunning letter письменное требование уплаты долга dunning letter письмо с настойчивым требованием уплаты долга engagement letter рев. письмо-соглашение express letter срочное письмо first-class letter заказное письмо follow-up letter письмо-напоминание follow-up letter повторное рекламное письмо follow-up letter (амер.) рекламное письмо, посланное вслед за другим (в случае непоступления заказа) form letter бланк письма franked letter франкированное письмо hand-delivered letter письмо, передаваемое из рук в руки in letter and in spirit по форме и по существу insured letter заказное письмо internal circular letter внутренний циркуляр inventory letter заявление клиента об инвентаризации letter буква letter полигр. буква letter буква; the letter of the law буква закона; to the letter буквально; точно letter вытиснять буквы, заглавие (на корешке книги) letter документ letter полигр. литера letter полигр. литера letter pl литература; man of letters писатель; the profession of letters профессия писателя letter наймодатель, арендодатель letter письмо; послание; letter of advice извещение; авизо; letter of attorney доверенность letter письмо, послание letter письмо letter помечать буквами letter помечать буквами; надписывать чертеж letter послание letter регистрировать letter шифр завода-изготовителя letter шрифт letter эрудиция, образованность; to win one's letter заслужить право быть членом спортивной организации и носить ее инициалы Letter: Letter: President's letter послание президента (США) letter: letter: proposal letter предложение о заключении контракта letter by express delivery срочное письмо letter by special delivery заказное письмо letter for further particulars заявление с изложением новых деталей letter of accreditation аккредитация letter письмо; послание; letter of advice извещение; авизо; letter of attorney доверенность letter of advice авизо letter of advice извещение letter of advice уведомление letter of allotment уведомление о подписке на акции letter of allotment уведомление о подписке на облигации letter of appointment приказ о назначении letter of approval извещение об одобрении letter of approval извещение об утверждении letter письмо; послание; letter of advice извещение; авизо; letter of attorney доверенность letter of attorney доверенность letter of attorney письменная доверенность letter of authority доверенность letter of cancelation уведомление об аннулировании letter of cancellation уведомление о расторжении договора letter of claim претензия letter of comfort письменное выражение поддержки letter of commitment гарантийное письмо letter of complaint письменная жалоба letter of confirmation письменное подтверждение letter of credit аккредитив letter of credit фин. аккредитив; letters credential, letters of credence (of recall) дип. верительные (отзывные) грамоты letter of credit opening письмо об открытии аккредитива letter of guarantee гарантийное письмо letter of guardianship уведомление об опеке letter of health свидетельство о состоянии здоровья letter of hypothecation залоговое письмо letter of identity удостоверение личности letter of indemnity гарантийное письмо letter of instruction директивное письмо; letters of administration судебное полномочие на управление имением или имуществом умершего letter of intent гарантийное письмо letter of intent письмо о намерении совершить сделку letter of intent письмо-обязательство Международному валютному фонду letter of introduction письмо-представление letter of invitation письменное приглашение letter of invitation to tender письменное приглашение на торги letter of recall отзывная грамота letter of recommendation рекомендательное письмо letter of recommendation рекомендация letter of reference характеристика letter of renunciation письменный отказ letter of reply письменный ответ letter of representation сопроводительное письмо letter of request письменное ходатайство letter of resignation заявление об увольнении letter of resignation предупреждение об увольнении letter of resignation уведомление об отставке letter of rights свидетельство о правах letter of subrogation страх. объявление о суброгации letter of subscription бирж. уведомление о подписке letter of termination уведомление о прекращении действия letter буква; the letter of the law буква закона; to the letter буквально; точно letter of the law буква закона letter of understanding протокол о взаимопонимании letter to stockholders письмо акционерам letter of credit фин. аккредитив; letters credential, letters of credence (of recall) дип. верительные (отзывные) грамоты letter of instruction директивное письмо; letters of administration судебное полномочие на управление имением или имуществом умершего letters: letters: letter of administration полномочия администратору на управление наследством letter of administration полномочия душеприказчику на управление наследством letter of credit фин. аккредитив; letters credential, letters of credence (of recall) дип. верительные (отзывные) грамоты lowercase letter вчт. строчная буква letter pl литература; man of letters писатель; the profession of letters профессия писателя man: letter of letters писатель, литератор, ученый; man of office чиновник; man of the pen литератор management letter письменный ответ администрации management letter служебное письмо night letter телеграмма, отправляемая ночью со скидкой official letter пат. официальное заключение official letter официальное письмо open letter инф. открытое письмо open: trial in letter court открытый судебный процесс; open letter открытое письмо (в газете и т. п.) the order was obeyed to the letter приказ был выполнен точно original letter оригинал письма post-free letter письмо без почтовой оплаты letter pl литература; man of letters писатель; the profession of letters профессия писателя letter: proposal letter предложение о заключении контракта dog's letter старинное название буквы R r: r: the three R's разг. чтение, письмо и арифметика (reading, (w)riting, (a)rithmetic) trill: trill фон. вибрирующее r letter фон. произносить звук r с вибрацией registered letter заказное письмо registered: letter зарегистрированный; отмеченный; registered letter заказное письмо rights letter документ, дающий право участвовать в новом выпуске акций rogatory letter судебное поручение sales letter письменное уведомление о продаже sea letter морской паспорт stamp a letter ставить штамп на письмо standard letter типовое письмо threatening letter письмо с угрозами letter буква; the letter of the law буква закона; to the letter буквально; точно undeliverable letter письмо с неправильно указанным адресом understamped letter письмо с недостаточным количеством марок uppercase letter вчт. заглавная буква letter эрудиция, образованность; to win one's letter заслужить право быть членом спортивной организации и носить ее инициалы work letter ведомость выполненных работ

lettre [lεtʀ]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = caractère) letter

• écrivez la somme en (toutes) lettres write out the sum in full

• c'est en toutes lettres dans les journaux it's there in black and white in the newspapers

   b. ( = missive) letter

• prendre qch au pied de la lettre to take sth literally

• rester lettre morte to go unheeded

• Anne Lemoine, féministe avant la lettre Anne Lemoine, a feminist before the term existed

2. plural feminine noun

lettres

   a. ( = littérature) les (belles) lettres literature

   b. (à l'université, au collège) arts subjects ; ( = français) French

• professeur de lettres French teacher

• lettres classiques classics sg

• lettres modernes ( = discipline) French

3. compounds

► lettre d'amour love letter

► lettre de change bill of exchange

► lettres de noblesse

• donner ses lettres de noblesse à to lend credibility to ► lettre ouverte open letter

► lettre de rappel reminder

► lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

► lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship

* * *

1) ( signe graphique) letter

2) ( écrit adressé) letter

3) ( contenu d'un texte) letter

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1) Université, École ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US

2) ( culture littéraire) letters

•

- lettre ouverte

- lettre recommandée

- lettres classiques

- lettres modernes

••

* * *

1. nf

1) [alphabet] letter

2) (= courrier) letter

3) (autres locutions)

2. lettres nfpl

1) (culture)

2) (= littérature) literature sg

3) ÉDUCATION arts subjects

* * *

lettre

A nf

1 ( signe graphique) letter; les lettres de l'alphabet the letters of the alphabet; lettre minuscule small letter; lettre majuscule or capitale capital letter; lettre d'imprimerie block letter; en lettres majuscules in capital letters; un mot de trois lettres a three-letter word; en toutes lettres lit in full; écrire la date/somme en toutes lettres write the date/sum out in full; c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport fig it's down in black and white in the report; c'est écrit en grosses lettres it's written in big letters; les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre the Romans were city planners before they were invented; ⇒ cinq;

2 ( écrit adressé) letter; une lettre de félicitations/remerciements/condoléances a letter of congratulations /thanks/condolence; lettre d'accompagnement covering letter; lettre de réclamation letter of complaint; lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship; une lettre de recommandation/candidature/démission a letter of recommendation/application/resignation; lettre anonyme/de menaces anonymous/threatening letter; une petite lettre a note;

3 ( contenu d'un texte) letter; l'esprit et la lettre d'un texte the spirit and the letter of a text; à la lettre, au pied de la lettre [appliquer, suivre] to the letter; il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit he takes everything you say literally.

B lettres nfpl

1 Univ, Scol ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US; étudiant en lettres ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student; faculté de lettres arts faculty GB, school of the humanities; être en lettres, faire des études de lettres to do an arts degree, to study humanities US; professeur de lettres teacher of French (for native speakers); docteur ès lettres ≈ Doctor of Philosophy;

2 ( culture littéraire) letters; homme/femme de lettres man/woman of letters; les gens de lettres writers; avoir des lettres to be well read; le monde des lettres the literary world.

lettre de cachet lettre de cachet; lettre de cadrage Pol scoping document (outlining issues for inclusion in the next budget); lettre capitulaire Édition decorated initial; lettre de change bill of exchange; lettre de château thank you letter, bread and butter letter; lettre circulaire circular; lettre de crédit letter of credit; lettre d'intention letter of intention; lettre ornée illuminated letter; lettre ouverte open letter (à to); lettre recommandée registered letter; lettre de voiture Comm waybill, consignment note; lettres classiques French and Latin; lettres de créance credentials; lettres modernes French language and literature; lettres de noblesse letters patent of nobility; avoir ses lettres de noblesse fig to have an illustrious history; gagner ses lettres de noblesse fig to win one's spurs; lettres patentes letters patent; lettres supérieures preparatory class for entrance exam for the École Normale Supérieure.

passer comme une lettre à la poste○ [décision, réforme] to go through smoothly ou without a hitch; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions; un événement à graver en lettres d'or an event to remember; écrit en lettres de feu written in letters of fire; devenir lettre morte to become a dead letter; rester lettre morte to go unheeded.

( féminin lettrée) [lɛtre] adjectif

1. (soutenu) [cultivé] well-read

2. (Belgique) [sachant lire et écrire]

il est lettré he can read and write

————————

, lettrée [lɛtre] nom masculin, nom féminin

c'est un fin lettré he's extremely well-read ou scholarly

1) літера; документ; лист, послання; орендодавець

2) реєструвати

•

- letter and intent

* * *

1) (written communication) Brief, der (to an + Akk.); (official communication) Schreiben, das

2) (of alphabet) Buchstabe, der

3) (fig.)

4) in pl. (literature) Literatur, die

* * *

1) (a mark expressing a sound: the letters of the alphabet.) der Buchstabe

2) (a written message, especially sent by post in an envelope: She slowly took the letter from its envelope; Did you post my letter?) der Brief

•

- academic.ru/42567/lettering">lettering

* * *

[ˈletəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

1. (message) Brief m, Schreiben nt

a business/love \letter ein Geschäfts-/Liebesbrief m

L\letters to the Editor JOURN Leserbriefe pl

a \letter from/to a friend ein Brief m von einem/an einen Freund

to inform sb by \letter jdn schriftlich verständigen

2. (of alphabet) Buchstabe m

to have a lot of \letters after one's name viele Titel haben

three-\letter word Wort nt mit drei Buchstaben

four-\letter word Schimpfwort nt

in large \letters in Großbuchstaben

in small \letters in Kleinbuchstaben

▶ to keep to [or follow] the \letter of the law nach dem Buchstaben des Gesetzes handeln

▶ to the \letter buchstabengetreu, genau nach Vorschrift

* * *

1. n

1) (of alphabet) Buchstabe m

2) (= written message) Brief m; (COMM ETC) Schreiben nt (form) (to an +acc)

3) (LITER)

4) (US: award) als Auszeichnung verliehenes Schulabzeichen

2. vt

* * *

letter¹ [ˈletə(r)]

A s

1. Buchstabe m (auch fig buchstäblicher Sinn):

a) wortwörtlich, buchstäblich,

b) fig peinlich genau;

the letter of the law der Buchstabe des Gesetzes;

in letter and in spirit dem Buchstaben und dem Sinne nach

2. a) Brief m, Schreiben n ( beide:

to an akk):

by letter brieflich, schriftlich;

letter of application Bewerbungsschreiben;

letter of complaint Beschwerdebrief;

letter of introduction Einführungsschreiben;

letter of thanks Dank(es)brief, Dankschreiben;

letter to the editor Leserbrief;

“all letters (will be) answered” (in Kontaktanzeigen etc) „beantworte jede Zuschrift“; → condolence, recommendation c

b) → French letter

3. meist pl (amtlicher) Brief, Urkunde f:

letters of administration JUR Nachlassverwalterzeugnis n;

letters of credence, letters credential POL Beglaubigungsschreiben n;

letter of credit WIRTSCH Akkreditiv n;

a)(Adels- etc) Patent n,

b) JUR Patenturkunde;

letters testamentary JUR US Testamentsvollstreckerzeugnis n; → attorney b, rogatory

4. TYPO

a) Letter f, Type f

b) koll Lettern pl, Typen pl

c) Schrift(art) f

5. pl (auch als sg konstruiert)

a) (schöne) Literatur

b) Bildung f

c) Wissenschaft f:

man of letters Literat m; Gelehrte(r) m

6. SCHULE, UNIV US Abzeichen mit den Initialen einer Schule etc, das besonders für herausragende sportliche Leistungen verliehen wird

B v/t

1. beschriften

2. mit Buchstaben bezeichnen

3. ein Buch am Rand mit den Buchstaben (des Alphabets als Daumenindex) versehen

letter² [ˈletə(r)] s besonders Br Vermieter(in), Verpächter(in)

* * *

1) (written communication) Brief, der (to an + Akk.); (official communication) Schreiben, das

2) (of alphabet) Buchstabe, der

3) (fig.)

4) in pl. (literature) Literatur, die

* * *

Brief -e m.

Buchstabe m.

Einsendung f.

1) (a mark expressing a sound: the letters of the alphabet.) letra

2) (a written message, especially sent by post in an envelope: She slowly took the letter from its envelope; Did you post my letter?) carta

•

- lettering

letter n

1. letra

2. carta

tr['letə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 (of alphabet) letra

2 (message) carta

plural noun letters

1 letras nombre femenino plural

■ a man of letters un hombre de letras

\

to the letter al pie de la letra

capital letter mayúscula

letter bomb carta-bomba

letter box SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL buzón nombre masculino

letter of attorney poderes nombre masculino plural

letter of credit carta de crédito

letter of introduction carta de presentación, carta de recomendación

small letter minúscula

letter ['lɛt̬ər] vt

: marcar con letras, inscribir letras en

letter n

1) : letra f (del alfabeto)

2) : carta f

a letter to my mother: una carta a mi madre

3) letters npl

arts: letras fpl

to the letter : al pie de la letra

• carta s.f.

• letra s.f.

• literatura s.f.

• marcar v.

• rotular v.

1) ( written message) carta f

2)

a) ( of alphabet) letra f

b) letters pl ( literature) (frml)

1. N

1) [of alphabet] letra f

2) (=missive) carta f

3) letters (=learning) letras fpl

VT estampar con letras

* * *

1) ( written message) carta f

2)

a) ( of alphabet) letra f

b) letters pl ( literature) (frml)

1. n

1) літера; буква

2) друк. шрифт

3) шифр (заводу)

4) лист; послання; депеша

5) грамота; документ

6) точність; буквальність

7) pl елементи (основи) читання; ази

8) pl літопис, записи

9) pl освіченість; ерудиція, ученість

2. v

1) позначати літерами

2) витискати літери (заголовок) (на книзі)

3) тех. штемпелювати; клеймити

* * *

1) буква

2) пoлiгp. літера; шрифт

3) буква, шифр ( заводу-виготовлювача)

4) буква, формальна сторона ( чого-небудь)

5) лист; послання; депеша

6) грамота, документ

7) pl викор. з дiєcл. в oдн.; мн. література, художня

8) pl елементи, основи читання; ази

9) pl; icт. літопис, записи

10) початкова буква назви навчального закладу ( надається за спортивні досягнення)

1) позначати буквами; надписувати креслення

2) пoлiгp. витискувати букви, заголовок ( на корінці книги)

3) cпopт. заслужити право бути членом спортивної команди